Overdose Research in Rhode Island – Prevent Overdose RI

Rhode Island is a leader in overdose research in the United States.

On this page, you will find published research studies involving overdose prevention and treatment in Rhode Island. For many of these studies, you will also find a link to the full article for free. These research studies help guide our state’s overdose response efforts.

You can also find a complete list of these research articles in PubMed, a free online library collection.

Overdose Research in RI

Search tips: use year, author, keyword (fentanyl, naloxone, etc) to narrow down your search.

Year	URL	Title Text	Link to Article or PDF Download	Journal Name	Authors	Synopsis
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34825427/	Community-based naloxone coverage equity for the prevention of opioid overdose fatalities in racial/ethnic minority communities in Massachusetts and Rhode Island	Community-based naloxone coverage equity for the prevention of opioid overdose fatalities in racial/ethnic minority communities in Massachusetts and Rhode Island	Addiction	Shayla Nolen, Xiao Zang, Avik Chatterjee, Czarina N Behrends, Traci C Green, Aranshi Kumar, Benjamin P Linas, Jake R Morgan, Sean M Murphy, Alexander Y Walley, Shapei Yan, Bruce R Schackman, Brandon D L Marshall	This study found generally equitable community naloxone coverage, with higher coverage in some higher-poverty and Black communities.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35434861/	Insights from biosurveillance: non-fatal opioid overdoses in Rhode Island 2019-21	Insights from biosurveillance: non-fatal opioid overdoses in Rhode Island 2019-21	Addiction	Ewa King, Louis Marchetti, Heidi Weidele, Jenna Wolanski, Noyo Shrestha, Kristen St John, Rachel Scagos	This study found most nonfatal overdoses had fentanyl or analogs detected in urine testing from 2019–2021.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34729851/	Preventing Overdose Using Information and Data from the Environment (PROVIDENT): protocol for a randomized, population-based, community intervention trial	Preventing Overdose Using Information and Data from the Environment (PROVIDENT): protocol for a randomized, population-based, community intervention trial	Addiction	Brandon D L Marshall, Nicole Alexander-Scott, Jesse L Yedinak, Benjamin D Hallowell, William C Goedel, Bennett Allen, Robert C Schell, Yu Li, Maxwell S Krieger, Claire Pratty, Jennifer Ahern, Daniel B Neill, Magdalena Cerdá	This article described the PROVIDENT trial, a machine-learning–based intervention to forecast neighborhood-level overdose risk and guide prevention and resource allocation.
2023	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213175/	Prevalence and correlates of experiencing drug-related discrimination among people who use drugs presenting at emergency department at high risk of opioid overdose	Prevalence and correlates of experiencing drug-related discrimination among people who use drugs presenting at emergency department at high risk of opioid overdose	Addiction Behaviors Reports	Shayla Nolen, Taneisha Wilson, Brendan P Jacka, Yu Li, Francesca L Beaudoin, Brandon D L Marshall	Data from Navigator Trial in RI EDs. Highest drug-related discrimination experienced by White, female, and LGBQIA+ participants.
2023	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853223000342	The impact of polysubstance use patterns on engagement of substance use disorder treatment among emergency department patients at high risk of opioid overdose	The impact of polysubstance use patterns on engagement of substance use disorder treatment among emergency department patients at high risk of opioid overdose	Addictive Behaviors Reports	Fiona Bhondoekhan, Yu Li, Rachel Gaither, Mackenzie Daly, Benjamin Hallowell, Laura Chambers, Francesca Beaudoin, Brandon Marshall	This study found polysubstance use patterns were significantly associated with differences in treatment engagement after emergency department visits.
2022	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9214774/	Identifying Predictors of Opioid Overdose Death at a Neighborhood Level With Machine Learning	Identifying Predictors of Opioid Overdose Death at a Neighborhood Level With Machine Learning	American Journal of Epidemiology	Robert C Schell, Bennett Allen, William C Goedel, Benjamin D Hallowell, Rachel Scagos, Yu Li, Maxwell S Krieger, Daniel B Neill, Brandon D L Marshall, Magdalena Cerda, Jennifer Ahern	Used machine learning to identify neighborhood-level predictors of opioid overdose deaths in RI, improving risk prediction beyond traditional methods.
2023	https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-abstract/192/10/1659/7170032	Translating Predictive Analytics for Public Health Practice: A Case Study of Overdose Prevention in Rhode Island	Translating Predictive Analytics for Public Health Practice: A Case Study of Overdose Prevention in Rhode Island	American Journal of Epidemiology	Bennett Allen, Daniel B Neill, Robert C Schell, Jennifer Ahern, Benjamin D Hallowell, Maxwell Krieger, Victoria A Jent, William C Goedel, Abigail R Cartus, Jesse L Yedinak, Claire Pratty, Brandon D L Marshall, Magdalena Cerdá	This case study used machine-learning predictions of overdose deaths to demonstrate how neighborhood-level analytics can inform equitable public health decision-making.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28933938	Development of a statewide, publicly accessible drug overdose surveillance and information system	Development of a statewide, publicly accessible drug overdose surveillance and information system	American Journal of Public Health	Brandon Marshall, Jesse Yedinak, Jonathan Goyer, Traci Green, Jennifer Koziol, Nicole Alexander-Scott	This paper described the creation of PreventOverdoseRI.org as a public data dashboard to improve overdose surveillance data sharing and support Rhode Island’s response to the overdose crisis.
2018	https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304847	Emergency Department and Hospital Care for Opioid Use Disorder: Implementation of Statewide Standards in Rhode Island, 2017–2018	Emergency Department and Hospital Care for Opioid Use Disorder: Implementation of Statewide Standards in Rhode Island, 2017–2018	American Journal of Public Health	Elizabeth Samuels, James McDonald, Meghan McCormick, Jennifer Koziol, Catherine Friedman, Nicole Alexander-Scott	This paper describes Rhode Island’s statewide standards for opioid use disorder care, overdose surveillance, naloxone distribution, and peer recovery linkage.
2021	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34410818/	History of Methadone and Buprenorphine Opioid Agonist Therapy Among People Who Died of an Accidental Opioid-Involved Overdose: Rhode Island.	History of Methadone and Buprenorphine Opioid Agonist Therapy Among People Who Died of an Accidental Opioid-Involved Overdose: Rhode Island.	American Journal of Public Health	Benjamin D Hallowell, Heidi R Weidele, Mackenzie Daly, Laura C Chambers, Rachel P Scagos, Lisa Gargano, James McDonald	This analysis was used to identify the proportion of individuals previously engaged in methadone or buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder by year of death. Most individuals (60.9%) had never received any prior buprenorphine or methadone treatment. Individuals who died of an overdose in 2020 had a similar demographic profile and treatment history compared with prior years. These results helped the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) identify whether prevention efforts should be directed toward providing additional support to individuals in long-term recovery, currently engaged with treatment, or never engaged in treatment.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36745856/	Statewide Policy to Increase Provision of Take-Home Naloxone at Emergency Department Visits for Opioid Overdose, Rhode Island, 2018–2019	Statewide Policy to Increase Provision of Take-Home Naloxone at Emergency Department Visits for Opioid Overdose, Rhode Island, 2018–2019	American Journal of Public Health	Jennifer Griffith, Rachel R Yorlets, Laura C Chambers, Corey S Davis, Anna Wentz, Francesca L Beaudoin, Janette Baird, Elizabeth A Samuels	This paper evaluated new emergency department standards and found that approximately half of overdose patients received take-home naloxone.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30403513	The NaloxBox Program in Rhode Island: A Model for Community-Access Naloxone	The NaloxBox Program in Rhode Island: A Model for Community-Access Naloxone	American Journal of Public Health	Geoffrey Capraro, Claudia Rebola	This article describes the NaloxBox program providing publicly accessible naloxone kits and instructions to enable rapid layperson overdose response.
2022	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9119858/	Rhode Island's Opioid Overdose Hospital Standards and Emergency Department Naloxone Distribution, Behavioral Counseling, and Referral to Treatment	Rhode Island's Opioid Overdose Hospital Standards and Emergency Department Naloxone Distribution, Behavioral Counseling, and Referral to Treatment	Annals of Emergency Medicine	Elizabeth A Samuels, Anna Wentz, Meghan McCormick, James V McDonald, Brandon D L Marshall, Catherine Friedman, Jennifer Koziol, Nicole E Alexander-Scott	This retrospective analysis found improved naloxone distribution, counseling, and treatment referrals after implementation of statewide emergency department opioid overdose standards.
2021	https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/1/e050540.full	Association between initial opioid prescription diagnosis type and subsequent chronic prescription opioid use in Rhode Island: a population-based cohort study	Association between initial opioid prescription diagnosis type and subsequent chronic prescription opioid use in Rhode Island: a population-based cohort study	BMJ Open	Benjamin D Hallowell, Laura C Chambers, Luke Barre, Nancy Diao, Collette Onyejekwe, Alexandra Banks, Jeffery Bratberg, Heidi Weidele, Samara Viner-Brown, James McDonald	This cohort study followed a population of Rhode Island patients initially prescribed opioids and analyzed risk factors that made people more likely to have long-term, chronic prescription opioid use. They found that people who became chronic users were typically prescribed for longer periods of time and a greater net amount, but had lower morphine milli-equivalents prescribed per day. Moreover, patients with musculoskeletal disease, nervous system diseases, or cancers were more likely to have chronic prescription opioid use.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31719087/	Randomised clinical trial of an emergency department-based peer recovery support intervention to increase treatment uptake and reduce recurrent overdose among individuals at high risk for opioid overdose: study protocol for the navigator trial	Randomised clinical trial of an emergency department-based peer recovery support intervention to increase treatment uptake and reduce recurrent overdose among individuals at high risk for opioid overdose: study protocol for the navigator trial	BMJ Open	William C Goedel, Brandon D L Marshall, Elizabeth A Samuels, Mark G Brinkman, Debra Dettor, Kirsten J Langdon, Linda A Mahoney, Roland C Merchant, Tarek Nizami, George A O'Toole, Susan E Ramsey, Jesse L Yedinak, Francesca L Beaudoin	Describes methodology to compare peer recovery specialists vs. licensed social workers in ED for engagement in opioid treatment and recurrent overdose prevention.
2018	https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/calls/2018/callinfo_031318.asp	Coordinating clinical and public health responses to opioid overdoses treated in emergency departments: Joint Webinar: Vital Signs Town Hall and COCA Call	Coordinating clinical and public health responses to opioid overdoses treated in emergency departments: Joint Webinar: Vital Signs Town Hall and COCA Call	CDC COCA Webinar	Alana Kantor, Elizabeth Samuels, Meghan McCormick	This webinar outlined strategies for coordinating emergency department and public health responses to opioid overdoses.
2022	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871622004173?via%3Dihub	Sociodemographic and prescribing characteristics that impact long-term retention in buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder among a statewide population	Sociodemographic and prescribing characteristics that impact long-term retention in buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder among a statewide population	Drug Alcohol Dependence	Benjamin Hallowell, Laura Chambers, Elizabeth Samuels, Jeffrey Bratberg, James McDonald, Adam Nitenson, Collette Onyejekwe, Francesca Beaudoin	Analyzed RI prescription drug monitoring data. Older, female, and Medicaid patients were more likely to remain on buprenorphine treatment long-term.
2022	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9042078/	It's probably going to save my life; attitudes towards treatment among people incarcerated in the era of fentanyl	It's probably going to save my life; attitudes towards treatment among people incarcerated in the era of fentanyl	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Eliana Kaplowitz, Alexandria Macmadu, Traci C Green, Justin Berk, Josiah D Rich, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein	Qualitative interviews with incarcerated individuals in RI showed awareness and experience with fentanyl. Participants recognized MOUD as protective against overdose.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29402680/	A randomized, open label trial of methadone continuation versus forced withdrawal in a combined US prison and jail: Findings at 12 months post-release	A randomized, open label trial of methadone continuation versus forced withdrawal in a combined US prison and jail: Findings at 12 months post-release	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Michelle McKenzie, Alexandria Macmadu, Sarah Larney, Nickolas Zaller, Emily Dauria, Josiah Rich	RCT examining methadone maintenance vs forced withdrawal in incarcerated individuals. MMT participants were less likely to inject drugs or overdose post-release and more likely to continue treatment.
2016	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27020323	An initial evaluation of law enforcement overdose training in Rhode Island	An initial evaluation of law enforcement overdose training in Rhode Island	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Corey Saucier, Nickolas Zaller, Alexandria Macmadu, Traci Green	This evaluation found overdose training improved law enforcement knowledge of overdose recognition, naloxone use, and Good Samaritan laws.
2019	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871619300390	Increased overdose mortality during the first week of the month: Revisiting the “check effect” through a spatial lens	Increased overdose mortality during the first week of the month: Revisiting the “check effect” through a spatial lens	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	William Goedel, Traci Green, Samara Viner-Brown, Josiah Rich, Brandon Marshall	Found overdose deaths clustered in the first week of the month in RI, but neighborhood-level public assistance receipt was not associated with these spatial patterns.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30243145	Methadone maintenance treatment among patients exposed to illicit fentanyl in Rhode Island: Safety, dose, retention, and relapse at 6 months	Methadone maintenance treatment among patients exposed to illicit fentanyl in Rhode Island: Safety, dose, retention, and relapse at 6 months	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Andrew Stone, Jennifer Caroll, Josiah Rich, Traci Green	This study found most methadone patients had fentanyl exposure, with strong retention but frequent relapse and continued exposure at six months.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37084507/	Neighborhood-level association between release from incarceration and fatal overdose, Rhode Island, 2016-2020.	Neighborhood-level association between release from incarceration and fatal overdose, Rhode Island, 2016-2020.	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Abigail R. Cartus, William C. Goedel, Victoria A. Jent, Alexandria Macmadu, Claire Pratty, Benjamin D. Hallowell, Bennett Allen, Yu Li, Magdalena Cerda, Brandon D.L. Marshall	Studied association between census tract-level release rates and fatal overdose in RI. Found modest correlation, more pronounced in suburban tracts; highlights importance of expanding pre-release MOUD access.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29241103/	Prevalence and correlates of benzodiazepine use and misuse among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Prevalence and correlates of benzodiazepine use and misuse among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Benjamin A Bouvier, Katherine M Waye, Beth Elston, Scott E Hadland, Traci C Green, Brandon D L Marshall	Studied co-occurring benzodiazepine and opioid use among young adults in RI (RAPiDS study). Found benzodiazepine misuse was common among non-medical prescription opioid users, increasing overdose risk.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29459328	Risk of fentanyl-involved overdose among those with past year incarceration: Findings from a recent outbreak in 2014 and 2015	Risk of fentanyl-involved overdose among those with past year incarceration: Findings from a recent outbreak in 2014 and 2015	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Alexandria Macmadu, Brandon Marshall, Andrew Heise, Shabbar Ranapurwala, Josiah Rich, Traci Green	This study found people recently incarcerated had nearly double the risk of fentanyl-involved overdose, supporting targeted post-release prevention.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30551090/	Stakeholder perspectives on implementing fentanyl drug checking: Results from a multi-site study	Stakeholder perspectives on implementing fentanyl drug checking: Results from a multi-site study	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Jennifer L Glick, Tricia Christensen, Ju Nyeong Park, Michelle McKenzie, Traci C Green, Susan G Sherman	This paper aimed to explore stakeholder opinions on drug checking technology and possible implementation challenges. According to the authors, stakeholders responded positively to the concept of drug checking, especially the use of test strips. Test accuracy, costs, liability, interactions with law enforcement, and building community trust/rapport were also topics of interest.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31614328/	The benefits and implementation challenges of the first state-wide comprehensive medication for addictions program in a unified jail and prison setting	The benefits and implementation challenges of the first state-wide comprehensive medication for addictions program in a unified jail and prison setting	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Meghan Peterson, Jennifer Clarke, Alexandra Macmadu, Ashley Truong, Kimberly Pognon, Morgan Parker, Brandon D L Marshall, Traci Green, Rosemarie Martin, Lynda Stein, Josiah D Rich	Examined MOUD implementation in the RI Department of Corrections. Interviews indicated reductions in withdrawal symptoms, drug use, and increased intent to continue MOUD post-release.
2021	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34482038/	Toxicological and pharmacologic sex differences in unintentional or undetermined opioid overdose death.	Toxicological and pharmacologic sex differences in unintentional or undetermined opioid overdose death.	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	Rachel S Wightman, Jeanmarie Perrone, Rachel Scagos, Benjamin D Hallowell, Maxwell Krieger, Yu Li, Alyson J McGregor, Lewis S Nelson, Brandon D L Marshall	This was a retrospective review of accidental or undetermined opioid-involved overdose deaths in Rhode Island 2016-2019 using the Rhode Island Department of Health State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (SUDORS) database. Compared to men, women were more likely to have exposure to benzodiazepine, antipsychotic, and antidepressant drug classes and less likely to have fentanyl and alcohol co-exposure. Higher rates of controlled substance prescription prior to death and prescription drug co-exposures suggest that female opioid-involved drug overdose decedents are often in contact with the healthcare system immediately preceding their death, presenting the opportunity to create patient-centric approaches for prevention, harm reduction, and substance use treatment.
2022	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9631422/	The role of increasing pharmacy and community distributed naloxone in the opioid overdose epidemic in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York City	The role of increasing pharmacy and community distributed naloxone in the opioid overdose epidemic in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York City	Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports	Jake R Morgan, Christina E Freibott, Ali Jalali, Philip J Jeng, Alexander Y Walley, Avik Chatterjee, Traci C Green, Michelle L Nolan, Benjamin P Linas, Brandon D L Marshall, Sean M Murphy	This study found naloxone distribution generally reached high-need communities but must continue increasing due to fentanyl-driven overdose risk.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32249463/	Trends in opioid initiation among people who use opioids in three US cities	Trends in opioid initiation among people who use opioids in three US cities	Drug and Alcohol Review	Saba Rouhani, Ju Nyeong Park, Kenneth B Morales, Traci C Green, Susan G Sherman	Studied opioid initiation trends in Baltimore, Boston, and Providence. Found women were particularly at risk for initiating NMPO use, suggesting a demographic for targeted interventions.
2023	https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687637.2024.2324977?src=exp-la	Adapting to changing risk environments: examining overdose risk and socio-spatial patterns of unstably housed people who use drugs during converging public health crises.	Adapting to changing risk environments: examining overdose risk and socio-spatial patterns of unstably housed people who use drugs during converging public health crises.	Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy	Alexandra B Collins, Jacqueline Goldman, Sarah Edwards, Benjamin D. Hallowell, Megan C Smith	In this paper, interviews were completed with individuals who are unstably housed and use drugs. The aim of this study is to understand how this population adapted to changes in the environment during a public health crisis. Results found that public health measure changes can affect risk factors in this population and increase overdose risk.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31205291/	Increased Risk of Opioid Overdose Death Following Cold Weather: A Case-Crossover Study	Increased Risk of Opioid Overdose Death Following Cold Weather: A Case-Crossover Study	Epidemiology	William C Goedel, Brandon D L Marshall, Keith R Spangler, Nicole Alexander-Scott, Traci C Green, Gregory A Wellenius, Kate R Weinberger	Investigated association between low temperatures and fatal opioid overdoses in RI/CT. Cold weather 3–7 days prior was linked to higher odds of overdose death.
2024	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38180881/	PROVIDENT: Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Neighborhood-level Overdose Risk in Rhode Island	PROVIDENT: Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Neighborhood-level Overdose Risk in Rhode Island	Epidemiology	Bennett Allen, Robert C Schell, Victoria A Jent, Maxwell Krieger, Claire Pratty, Benjamin D Hallowell, William C Goedel, Melissa Basta, Jesse L Yedinak, Yu Li, Abigail R Cartus, Brandon D L Marshall, Magdalena Cerdá, Jennifer Ahern, Daniel B Neill	This viewpoint paper discusses approaches to making public health dashboards for the general public. Three overdose dashboards for Rhode Island projects are reviewed including PreventOverdoseRI, the VILLAGE project, and PROVIDENT. Lessons were taken from the assessment of these dashboards that can be used to develop future public health dashboards.
2021	https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3832267	Who Gets Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), and Does It Reduce Overdose Risk? Evidence from the Rhode Island All-payer Claims Database	Who Gets Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), and Does It Reduce Overdose Risk? Evidence from the Rhode Island All-payer Claims Database	Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Papers	Mary A. Burke, Riley Sullivan, Katherine G. Carman, Hefei Wen, J. Frank Wharam, Hao Yu	Investigated MOUD access in RI. Women and older patients were less likely to receive MOUD. Socioeconomic and comorbidity factors had mixed effects. Adherence to MOUD reduced future overdose risk.
2022	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578237/	Characteristics of events in which police responded to overdoses: an examination of incident reports in Rhode Island	Characteristics of events in which police responded to overdoses: an examination of incident reports in Rhode Island	Harm Reduction Journal	Alexandria Macmadu, Annajane Yolken, Lisa Frueh, Jai'el R Toussaint, Roxxanne Newman, Brendan P Jacka, Alexandra B Collins, Brandon D L Marshall	This analysis found police often arrived after others administered naloxone and suggested faster non-police response could improve outcomes.
2016	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4960738/	Factors associated with knowledge of a Good Samaritan Law among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Factors associated with knowledge of a Good Samaritan Law among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Harm Reduction Journal	Tristan Evans, Scott Hadland, Melissa Clark, Traci Green, Brandon Marshall	This study found fewer than half of surveyed young adults knew Good Samaritan protections, though most said they would call 911 during an overdose.
2016	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27455957/	Factors associated with knowledge of a Good Samaritan Law among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Factors associated with knowledge of a Good Samaritan Law among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Harm Reduction Journal	Tristan I Evans, Scott E Hadland, Melissa A Clark, Traci C Green, Brandon D L Marshall	Examined awareness of Rhode Island’s Good Samaritan Law among young adult NMPO users. Fewer than half were aware, indicating need for targeted education.
2018	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5806485/	High willingness to use rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs	High willingness to use rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs	Harm Reduction Journal	Maxwell Krieger, Jesse Yedinak, Jane Buxton, Mark Lysyshyn, Ed Bernstein, Josiah Rich, Traci Green, Scott Hadland, Brandon Marshall	This study found very high willingness among young drug users to use fentanyl test strips for overdose prevention.
2023	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9898862/	Multi-level influences on increased overdose risk behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in Rhode Island: a qualitative investigation	Multi-level influences on increased overdose risk behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in Rhode Island: a qualitative investigation	Harm Reduction Journal	Lisa Frueh, Alexandra B Collins, Roxxanne Newman, Nancy P Barnett, Josiah D Rich, Melissa A Clark, Brandon D L Marshall, Alexandria Macmadu	Evaluated pandemic-related effects on drug use in RI. Anxiety, isolation, and boredom increased overdose risk behaviors, suggesting harm reduction needs during crises.
2015	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26245865	Orienting patients to greater opioid safety: models of community pharmacy-based naloxone	Orienting patients to greater opioid safety: models of community pharmacy-based naloxone	Harm Reduction Journal	Traci Green, Emily Dauria, Jeffrey Bratberg, Corey Davis, Alexander Walley	This study found pharmacy-based naloxone partnerships expanded access and were an important component of statewide overdose response.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30621699/	Perspectives on rapid fentanyl test strips as a harm reduction practice among young adults who use drugs: a qualitative study	Perspectives on rapid fentanyl test strips as a harm reduction practice among young adults who use drugs: a qualitative study	Harm Reduction Journal	Jacqueline E Goldman, Katherine M Waye, Kobe A Periera, Maxwell S Krieger, Jesse L Yedinak, Brandon D L Marshall	This qualitative study found high acceptance of fentanyl test strips, with positive results prompting safer use behaviors such as carrying naloxone and not using alone.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28219388/	Willingness to use a supervised injection facility among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically: a cross-sectional study	Willingness to use a supervised injection facility among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically: a cross-sectional study	Harm Reduction Journal	Benjamin A Bouvier, Beth Elston, Scott E Hadland, Traci C Green, Brandon D L Marshall	Surveyed young adults on willingness to use SIFs. Most were willing, especially those who had experienced homelessness, overdosed, used fentanyl, heroin, or opioids alone, showing higher-risk individuals are more receptive.
2023	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.14200	Comparison of a national commercial pharmacy naloxone data source to state and city pharmacy naloxone data sources-Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York City, 2013-2019	Comparison of a national commercial pharmacy naloxone data source to state and city pharmacy naloxone data sources-Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New York City, 2013-2019	Health Services Research	Avik Chatterjee, Shapei Yan, Audrey Lambert, Jake R Morgan, Traci C Green, Philip J Jeng, Ali Jalali, Ziming Xuan, Maxwell Krieger, Brandon D L Marshall, Alexander Y Walley, Sean M Murphy	In this retrospective, secondary analysis, naloxone dispensing data from pharmacies in NYC, Rhode Island and Massachusetts is compared to determine differences by location. In the states, NYC and Massachusetts, where naloxone distribution is not required to be reported to local sources, pharmacy claim data displayed more naloxone being dispensed compared to the local source data. In states where it is not required to report naloxone being dispensed by the pharmacy, pharmacy claim data will be most useful to understand how much naloxone is being distributed.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31082662/	One guy goes to jail, two people are ready to take his spot: Perspectives on drug-induced homicide laws among incarcerated individuals	One guy goes to jail, two people are ready to take his spot: Perspectives on drug-induced homicide laws among incarcerated individuals	International Journal of Drug Policy	Meghan Peterson, Josiah Rich, Alexandria Macmadu, Ashley Q Truong, Traci C Green, Leo Beletsky, Kimberly Pognon, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein	Analyzed perceptions of drug-induced homicide laws among incarcerated MOUD program participants in RI. Most thought the laws were ineffective, highlighting the need to center interventions on lived experiences.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30991301/	Acceptability of implementing community-based drug checking services for people who use drugs in three United States cities: Baltimore, Boston and Providence	Acceptability of implementing community-based drug checking services for people who use drugs in three United States cities: Baltimore, Boston and Providence	International Journal of Drug Policy	Susan G Sherman, Kenneth B Morales, Ju Nyeong Park, Michelle McKenzie, Brandon D L Marshall, Traci Craig Green	This study found people who use drugs were generally supportive of community drug checking services, especially after exposure to overdose events.
2018	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395918302160?via%3Dihub	Action-focused, plain language communication for overdose prevention: A qualitative analysis of Rhode Island’s overdose surveillance and information dashboard	Action-focused, plain language communication for overdose prevention: A qualitative analysis of Rhode Island’s overdose surveillance and information dashboard	International Journal of Drug Policy	Katherine M. Waye, Jesse L. Yedinak, Jennifer Koziol, Brandon D. L. Marshall	This qualitative study evaluated how people who use drugs perceive and use Rhode Island’s overdose prevention dashboard and plain-language communications.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28601512	Epidemiology of fentanyl-involved drug overdose deaths: A geospatial retrospective study in Rhode Island, USA	Epidemiology of fentanyl-involved drug overdose deaths: A geospatial retrospective study in Rhode Island, USA	International Journal of Drug Policy	Brandon Marshall, Maxwell Krieger, Jesse Yedinak, Patricia Ogera, Priya Banerjee, Nicole Alexander-Scott, Josiah Rich, Traci Green	This geospatial study found fentanyl caused nearly half of overdose deaths and was concentrated in specific cities and higher-risk populations.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28578864/	Exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin and overdose risk among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island: A mixed methods study	Exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin and overdose risk among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island: A mixed methods study	International Journal of Drug Policy	Jennifer J Carroll, Brandon David Lewis Marshall, Josiah D Rich, Traci C Green	This mixed methods study found widespread fentanyl exposure and growing interest among users in mitigation and treatment strategies.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32712165/	Optimizing the impact of medications for opioid use disorder at release from prison and jail settings: A microsimulation modeling study	Optimizing the impact of medications for opioid use disorder at release from prison and jail settings: A microsimulation modeling study	International Journal of Drug Policy	Alexandria Macmadu, Joëlla W Adams, S E Bessey, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Rosemarie A Martin, Jennifer G Clarke, Traci C Green, Josiah D Rich, Brandon D L Marshall	Modeled increasing MOUD access in RI jails/prisons. Findings suggest expanded MOUD could reduce overdose mortality post-release.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32911318/	Patterns, contexts, and motivations for polysubstance use among people who inject drugs in non-urban settings in the U.S. Northeast	Patterns, contexts, and motivations for polysubstance use among people who inject drugs in non-urban settings in the U.S. Northeast	International Journal of Drug Policy	Pablo K Valente, Angela R Bazzi, Ellen Childs, Peter Salhaney, Joel Earlywine, Jennifer Olson, Dea L Biancarelli, Brandon D L Marshall, Katie B Biello	Studied polysubstance use among PWID in RI/MA. Often began to self-medicate physical/mental health conditions; highlights need for holistic healthcare to reduce polysubstance use.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31740174/	Rurality and differences in pharmacy characteristics and community factors associated with provision of naloxone in the pharmacy	Rurality and differences in pharmacy characteristics and community factors associated with provision of naloxone in the pharmacy	International Journal of Drug Policy	Traci C Green, Jeffrey Bratberg, Janette Baird, Dina Burstein, Kimberly Lenz, Patricia Case, Alexander Y Walley, Ziming Xuan	This study found rural location and pharmacy operational factors were associated with greater likelihood of naloxone dispensing.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32143185/	The protective effect of trusted dealers against opioid overdose in the U.S	The protective effect of trusted dealers against opioid overdose in the U.S	International Journal of Drug Policy	Jennifer J Carroll, Josiah D Rich, Traci C Green	Explored how relationships with trusted drug dealers influence overdose risk. Trusted dealers reduced harm by testing drugs and providing guidance, suggesting interventions should consider these existing relationships.
2018	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395918302469	Use of rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs	Use of rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs	International Journal of Drug Policy	Maxwell Krieger, William Goedel, Jane Buxton, Mark Lysyshyn, Edward Bernstein, Susan Sherman, Josiah Rich, Scott Hadland, Traci Green, Brandon Marshall	This study showed fentanyl test strips were easy to use and that positive results were linked to increased harm reduction behaviors.
2022	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8849851/	A rapid ethnographic study of risk negotiation during the COVID-19 pandemic among unstably housed people who use drugs in Rhode Island	A rapid ethnographic study of risk negotiation during the COVID-19 pandemic among unstably housed people who use drugs in Rhode Island	International Journal on Drug Policy	Alexandra B Collins, Sarah Edwards, Ryan McNeil, Jacqueline Goldman, Benjamin D Hallowell, Rachel P Scagos, Brandon D L Marshall	Studied risks among unhoused PWUD during COVID-19. Public health measures increased risk; suggested permanent housing, social supports, and overdose prevention could reduce harm.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31951925/	An assessment of the limits of detection, sensitivity and specificity of three devices for public health-based drug checking of fentanyl in street-acquired samples	An assessment of the limits of detection, sensitivity and specificity of three devices for public health-based drug checking of fentanyl in street-acquired samples	International Journal on Drug Policy	Traci C Green, Ju Nyeong Park, Michael Gilbert, Michelle McKenzie, Eric Struth, Rachel Lucas, William Clarke, Susan G Sherman	This evaluation of three drug-checking technologies found fentanyl test strips had the best detection performance and lowest error rates, while FTIR also measured quantity.
2023	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2809633	Analysis of Buprenorphine Dose and Time to Discontinuation Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder in the Era of Fentanyl	Analysis of Buprenorphine Dose and Time to Discontinuation Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder in the Era of Fentanyl	JAMA Network Open	Laura C Chambers, Benjamin D Hallowell, Andrew R Zullo, Taylor J Paiva, Justin Berk, Rachel Gaither, Aidan J Hampson, Francesca L Beaudoin, Rachel S Wightman	This study found higher buprenorphine doses were associated with longer treatment retention among patients with opioid use disorder.
2022	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9647481/	Comparing Projected Fatal Overdose Outcomes and Costs of Strategies to Expand Community-Based Distribution of Naloxone in Rhode Island	Comparing Projected Fatal Overdose Outcomes and Costs of Strategies to Expand Community-Based Distribution of Naloxone in Rhode Island	JAMA Network Open	Xiao Zang, Sam E Bessey, Maxwell S Krieger, Benjamin D Hallowell, Jennifer A Koziol, Shayla Nole, Czarina N Behrends, Sean M Murphy, Alexander Y Walley, Benjamin P Linas, Bruce R Schackman, Brandon D L Marshall	This modeling study compared naloxone distribution strategies and found that targeting distribution to high-risk populations and high-need areas would be most effective in preventing overdose deaths.
2021	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8449276/	Comparison of Characteristics of Deaths From Drug Overdose Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rhode Island	Comparison of Characteristics of Deaths From Drug Overdose Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rhode Island	JAMA Network Open	Alexandria Macmadu, Sivakumar Batthala, Annice M. Correia Gabel, Marti Rosenberg, Rik Ganguly, Jesse L. Yedinak, Benjamin D Hallowell, Rachel P. Scagos, Elizabeth A. Samuels, Magdalena Cerdá, Kimberly Paull, Brandon D L Marshall	Retrospective study comparing overdose deaths in RI pre- and during COVID-19. Overdose deaths increased 2020 vs. 2019, with shifts in demographics, location, and synthetic opioid involvement.
2022	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9364125/	Effect of a Peer-Led Behavioral Intervention for Emergency Department Patients at High Risk of Fatal Opioid Overdose: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Effect of a Peer-Led Behavioral Intervention for Emergency Department Patients at High Risk of Fatal Opioid Overdose: A Randomized Clinical Trial	JAMA Network Open	Francesca L Beaudoin, Brendan P Jacka, Yu Li, Elizabeth A Samuels, Benjamin D Hallowell, Alyssa M Peachey, Roxxanne A Newman, Mackenzie M Daly, Kirsten J Langdon, Brandon D L Marshall	RCT comparing peer-led vs standard behavioral interventions in ED. Both led to significant treatment engagement within 30 days of ED visit.
2023	https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2806483	Examination of the Accuracy of Existing Overdose Surveillance Systems	Examination of the Accuracy of Existing Overdose Surveillance Systems	JAMA Network Open	Jennifer Griffith, Laura C Chambers, Benjamin D Hallowell, Ashley Gaipo, Craig Mailloux, Janette Baird, Francesca L Beaudoin, Elizabeth A Samuels	This cross-sectional study compared CDC and Rhode Island opioid overdose case definitions and found the CDC definition to be more accurate using emergency department visit data.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29450443/	Postincarceration Fatal Overdoses After Implementing Medications for Addiction Treatment in a Statewide Correctional System	Postincarceration Fatal Overdoses After Implementing Medications for Addiction Treatment in a Statewide Correctional System	JAMA Psychiatry	Traci C Green, Jennifer Clarke, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Brandon D L Marshall, Nicole Alexander-Scott, Rebecca Boss, Josiah D Rich	Evaluated overdose deaths post-release from RI correctional system after MOUD implementation. Observed large reductions in overdose deaths, suggesting MOUD may reduce post-release risk.
2022	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acem.14409	Implementation and maintenance of an emergency department naloxone distribution and peer recovery specialist program	Implementation and maintenance of an emergency department naloxone distribution and peer recovery specialist program	JMIR Formative Research	Brendan P Jacka, Hannah N Ziobrowski, Alexis Lawrence, Janette Baird, Anna E Wentz, Brandon D L Marshall, Rachel S Wightman, Michael J Mello, Francesca L Beaudoin, Elizabeth A Samuels	This cohort study found ED naloxone distribution and peer recovery programs were feasible but require further service improvements.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28088741	Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Prevalence and correlates of fentanyl-contaminated heroin exposure among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Journal of Addiction Behavior	Alexandria Macmadu, Jennifer Carroll, Scott Hadland, Traci Green, Brandon Marshall	This study found fentanyl exposure was increasing among young adults and associated with cocaine use, heroin use, injection, and prior overdose.
2023	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9892350/	Anticipated Barriers to Sustained Engagement in Treatment With Medications for Opioid Use Disorder After Release From Incarceration	Anticipated Barriers to Sustained Engagement in Treatment With Medications for Opioid Use Disorder After Release From Incarceration	Journal of Addiction Medicine	Eliana Kaplowitz, Ashley Truong, Alexandria Macmadu, Justin Berk, Harrison Martin, Caroline Burke, Josiah D Rich, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein	Explored structural and personal barriers to MOUD engagement post-release from incarceration. Peer recovery specialists may help mitigate these barriers.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33201002/	The Impact of COVID-19 on Service Provision for Emergency Department Patients Post-Opioid Overdose: A Field Report	The Impact of COVID-19 on Service Provision for Emergency Department Patients Post-Opioid Overdose: A Field Report	Journal of Addiction Medicine	Alexandra B Collins, Francesca L Beaudoin, Elizabeth A Samuels, Rachel Wightman, Janette Baird	This study examined how COVID-19 affected emergency department treatment and follow-up services for people who use drugs in Rhode Island, finding increased barriers to service connection and treatment delivery.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30095563/	The More Things Change: Buprenorphine/Naloxone Diversion Continues While Treatment Remains Inaccessible	The More Things Change: Buprenorphine/Naloxone Diversion Continues While Treatment Remains Inaccessible	Journal of Addiction Medicine	Jennifer Carroll, Josiah D. Rich, Traci C. Green	Found diverted buprenorphine/naloxone use remains common among non-medical opioid users in RI, highlighting treatment inaccessibility and capacity shortages.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36102540/	Thirty-day Treatment Continuation After Audio-only Buprenorphine Telehealth Initiation	Thirty-day Treatment Continuation After Audio-only Buprenorphine Telehealth Initiation	Journal of Addiction Medicine	Caroline Wunsch, Rachel Wightman, Claire Pratty, Brendan Jacka, Benjamin D Hallowell, Seth Clark, Corey S Davis, Elizabeth A Samuels	This retrospective study reviews data of participants who received buprenorphine treatment by audio-only encounters between April 2020 and February 2021 and found high rates of treatment initiation and continuation within 30 days.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30278306/	Implementing peer recovery services for overdose prevention in Rhode Island: An examination of two outreach-based approaches	Implementing peer recovery services for overdose prevention in Rhode Island: An examination of two outreach-based approaches	Journal of Addictive Behaviors	Katherine Waye, Jonathan Goyer, Debra Dettor, Linda Mahoney, Elizabeth Samuels, Jesse Yedinak, Brandon Marshall	Describes creation of AnchorED and AnchorMORE peer recovery services in RI EDs to prevent overdoses. Peer recovery services improved access to harm reduction for high-risk individuals.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32918199/	Health Is on the Back Burner: Multilevel Barriers and Facilitators to Primary Care Among People Who Inject Drugs	Health Is on the Back Burner: Multilevel Barriers and Facilitators to Primary Care Among People Who Inject Drugs	Journal of General Internal Medicine	Delia Motavalli, Jessica L Taylor, Ellen Childs, Pablo K Valente, Peter Salhaney, Jennifer Olson, Dea L Biancarelli, Alberto Edeza, Joel J Earlywine, Brandon D L Marshall, Mari-Lynn Drainoni, Matthew J Mimiaga, Katie B Biello, Angela R Bazzi	Analyzed barriers to primary care for PWID in RI and MA. Barriers included stigma, transportation, and competing priorities like housing.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34949119/	Application of a diazepam milligram equivalency algorithm to assess benzodiazepine dose intensity in Rhode Island in 2018.	Application of a diazepam milligram equivalency algorithm to assess benzodiazepine dose intensity in Rhode Island in 2018.	Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy	Eric P Borrelli, Jeffrey Bratberg, Benjamin D Hallowell, Mary L Greaney, Stephen J Kogut	This study conducted a systematic literature review and a cross-sectional analysis to develop and apply a standardized benzodiazepine milligram equivalency conversion algorithm and assess the dose intensity of benzodiazepine use in Rhode Island (RI) in 2018. Individuals aged 35-64 years with Medicaid insurance and those aged under 65 years with Medicare were more likely to be prescribed a benzodiazepine of at least 15 diazepam milligram equivalency (DME) per day. Higher benzodiazepine DMEs were also dispensed to patients who concurrently used prescription opioids or stimulants who may be at increased risk of medication-related harm. The study advocates for routine measurement of benzodiazepine dose intensity as a risk reduction strategy.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29485950	Estimating the Direct Costs of Outpatient Opioid Prescriptions: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from the Rhode Island Prescription Drug Monitoring Program	Estimating the Direct Costs of Outpatient Opioid Prescriptions: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from the Rhode Island Prescription Drug Monitoring Program	Journal of Managed Care and Specialty Pharmacy	Hilary Aroke, Ashley Buchanan, Xuerong Wen, Peter Ragosta, Jennifer Koziol, Stephen Kogut	This retrospective PDMP study estimated direct outpatient opioid prescription costs and suggested savings from generic substitution and reduced use.
2024	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10897802/	Public Health Dashboards in Overdose Prevention: The Rhode Island Approach to Public Health Data Literacy, Partnerships, and Action	Public Health Dashboards in Overdose Prevention: The Rhode Island Approach to Public Health Data Literacy, Partnerships, and Action	Journal of Medical Internet Research	Jesse Yedinak, Maxwell S Krieger, Raynald Joseph, Stacey Levin, Sarah Edwards, Dennis A Bailer, Jonathan Goyer, Colleen Daley Ndoye, Cathy Schultz, Jennifer Koziol, Rachael Elmaleh, Benjamin D Hallowell, Todd Hampson, Ellen Duong, Abdullah Shihipar, William C Goede, Brandon DL Marshall	PROVIDENT is a machine learning-based forecasting tool to predict future overdose deaths at the neighborhood level. This paper discusses how this model was used to measure how effective proactive resource allocation could be in Rhode Island to address overdose rates. This study shows that machine learning models are capable of predicting overdose risk.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32648229/	Opioid Overdose Deaths with Buprenorphine Detected in Postmortem Toxicology: a Retrospective Analysis	Opioid Overdose Deaths with Buprenorphine Detected in Postmortem Toxicology: a Retrospective Analysis	Journal of Medical Toxicology	Rachel S Wightman, Jeanmarie Perrone, Rachel Scagos, Maxwell Krieger, Lewis S Nelson, Brandon D L Marshall	Investigated opioid-involved overdose fatalities in RI where buprenorphine was detected. Found individuals often had polysubstance use, suggesting further research is needed on buprenorphine’s role in overdoses.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517637/	Prescriber and pharmacist understanding of revised Rhode Island pain management regulations	Prescriber and pharmacist understanding of revised Rhode Island pain management regulations	Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice	Britny G Rogala, Alexandria Jarvais, Taylor Ng, Jeffrey Bratberg	This paper surveyed knowledge of pain management regulations in Rhode Island by prescribers and pharmacists. Both groups were found to have some level of misunderstanding of Rhode Island's pain management regulations updated in 2018; the authors support educational initiatives for prescribers and pharmacists to fix these gaps in knowledge.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32235207/	Early Evidence of an Opioid Education Campaign: A Case Study of Rhode Island	Early Evidence of an Opioid Education Campaign: A Case Study of Rhode Island	Journal of Public Health Management & Practice	Jessica M Rath, Elizabeth C Hair, Alexis A Barton, Jennifer M Kreslake, John Geraci, Maureen Palmerini, Tom Coderre, Donna M Vallone	This paper looks at the effectiveness of an opioid education campaign in Rhode Island through surveys of young adults. The authors found that both empathy for opioid users and perceived risk of opioid overdose increased significantly after the implementation of the education campaign, indicating its potential for reshaping public opinion on the issue.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688739/	Multidisciplinary Team Reviews of Drug Overdose Deaths and the Use of Minigrants to Advance Recommendations: A Statewide Pilot in Rhode Island	Multidisciplinary Team Reviews of Drug Overdose Deaths and the Use of Minigrants to Advance Recommendations: A Statewide Pilot in Rhode Island	Journal of Public Health Management & Practice	H Holly Hackman, Jennifer A Koziol, Meghan McCormick, James V McDonald, Traci C Green	This pilot study evaluated minigrants and multidisciplinary overdose death reviews and concluded minigrants are an effective investment for advancing policy recommendations.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28009694	Can Emergency department, hospital discharge, and death data be used to monitor burden of drug overdose in Rhode Island	Can Emergency department, hospital discharge, and death data be used to monitor burden of drug overdose in Rhode Island	Journal of Public Health Management and Practice	Yongwen Jiang, James McDonald, Jennifer Koziol, Meghan McCormick, Samara Viner-Brown, Nicole Alexander-Scott	This study used emergency department, hospital discharge, and medical examiner data to examine overdose trends and found that overdose deaths were more likely among young, male, white residents living in suburban areas.
2024	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38153310/	Differences in Substance Use and Harm Reduction Practices by Race and Ethnicity: Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System, 2021-2022	Differences in Substance Use and Harm Reduction Practices by Race and Ethnicity: Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System, 2021-2022	Journal of Public Health Management and Practice	McClaren Rodriguez, Michelle McKenzie, Haley McKee, Emily M Ledingham, Kristen John, Jennifer Koziol, Benjamin D Hallowell	In this analysis, data is used from the Harm Reduction Surveillance System from January 2021 to December 2022. The goal is to understand how minority populations within Rhode Island are using harm reduction tools and their substance use patterns. Results found that harm reduction and treatment services need to be minority-led and incorporate the culture of the minority groups.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32600619/	One year of methadone maintenance treatment in a fentanyl endemic area: Safety, repeated exposure, retention, and remission	One year of methadone maintenance treatment in a fentanyl endemic area: Safety, repeated exposure, retention, and remission	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Andrew C Stone, Jennifer J Carroll, Josiah D Rich, Traci C Green	This study found methadone maintenance treatment remained effective and protective in a fentanyl-endemic setting, with most patients achieving remission.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30243414/	Peer navigation and take-home naloxone for opioid overdose emergency department patients: Preliminary patient outcomes	Peer navigation and take-home naloxone for opioid overdose emergency department patients: Preliminary patient outcomes	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Elizabeth Samuels, Steven Bernstein, Brandon Marshall, Maxwell Krieger, Janette Baird, Michael Mello	Evaluated ED program providing naloxone, peer recovery coaching, and treatment. Peer coaching led to faster treatment initiation; women and older patients less likely to receive services.
2021	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33298301/	The provision of counseling to patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder: Telehealth innovations and challenges in the age of COVID-19	The provision of counseling to patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder: Telehealth innovations and challenges in the age of COVID-19	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Jaclyn M W Hughto, Lisa Peterson, Nicholas S Perry, Alex Donoyan, Matthew J Mimiaga, Kimberly M Nelson, David W Pantalone	This paper investigated telehealth counseling for people receiving medication for opioid use disorder. Telehealth reduced barriers such as travel, transportation, and stigma. The authors conclude telehealth counseling can remain a positive care asset beyond COVID-19 protocols.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34930575/	Treatment preference for opioid use disorder among people who are incarcerated	Treatment preference for opioid use disorder among people who are incarcerated	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Eliana Kaplowitz, Ashley Q Truong, Justin Berk, Rosemarie A Martin, Jennifer G Clarke, Morgan Wieck, Josiah Rich, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein	Qualitative interviews revealed incarcerated individuals have preferences for MOUD types, supporting patient-centered approaches in correctional settings.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35939914/	Use of long-acting injectable buprenorphine in the correctional setting	Use of long-acting injectable buprenorphine in the correctional setting	Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment	Rosemarie A Martin, Justin Berk, Josiah D Rich, Augustine Kang, John Fritsche, Jennifer G Clarke	Explored feasibility and acceptability of extended-release buprenorphine in RI correctional settings as MOUD. Found it a safe and practical treatment option.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38113996/	Association between comorbid chronic pain or prior hospitalization for mental illness and substance use treatment among a cohort at high risk of opioid overdose.	Association between comorbid chronic pain or prior hospitalization for mental illness and substance use treatment among a cohort at high risk of opioid overdose.	Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment	Maayan N Rosenfield, Francesca L Beaudoin, Rachel Gaither, Benjamin D Hallowell, Mackenzie M Daly, Brandon D L Marshall, Laura C Chambers	In this paper, an analysis is done on fatal and non-fatal overdoses in Rhode Island from 2016 to 2020. The goal is to identify if there are neighborhood characteristics associated with higher rates of overdose. Results found that neighborhoods with less stable housing and higher poverty levels had a higher risk of overdose.
2023	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833281/	An evaluation of the association between specific post‐overdose care services in emergency departments and subsequent treatment engagement	An evaluation of the association between specific post‐overdose care services in emergency departments and subsequent treatment engagement	Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open	Laura C Chambers, Benjamin D Hallowell, Elizabeth A Samuels, Mackenzie Daly, Janette Baird, Francesca L Beaudoin	This study found ED-initiated treatment services were associated with later treatment engagement, while naloxone-only approaches were not.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28159503	An interprofessional education workshop to develop health professional student opioid misuse knowledge, attitudes, and skills	An interprofessional education workshop to develop health professional student opioid misuse knowledge, attitudes, and skills	Journal of the American Pharmacists Association	Kristina Monteiro, Luba Dumenco, Sally Collins, Jeffrey Bratberg, Celia MacDonnell, Anita Jacobson, Richard Dollase, Paul George	This evaluation found interprofessional workshops improved student knowledge and skills in naloxone use and substance use disorder care.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28159503/	An interprofessional education workshop to develop health professional student opioid misuse knowledge, attitudes, and skills	An interprofessional education workshop to develop health professional student opioid misuse knowledge, attitudes, and skills	Journal of the American Pharmacists Association	Kristina Monteiro, Luba Dumenco, Sally Collins, Jeffrey Bratberg, Celia MacDonnell, Anita Jacobson, Richard Dollase, Paul George	This paper looks at the effectiveness of a workshop held at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in April 2016; students who went to the workshop had higher scores on the Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale, measured through testing pre and post-workshop. Moreover, student satisfaction with the workshop was high.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31870862/	Pharmacist attitudes toward pharmacy-based naloxone: A cross-sectional survey study	Pharmacist attitudes toward pharmacy-based naloxone: A cross-sectional survey study	Journal of the American Pharmacists Association	Dina Burstein, Janette Baird, Jeffrey Bratberg, Elizabeth Donovan, Ayorinde Soipe, Abigail Tapper, Patricia Case, Alexander Y Walley, Traci C Green	This survey developed an Opioid Overdose Prevention Attitude scale and found pharmacists in states allowing naloxone without prescription had more positive attitudes toward overdose prevention.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28299971	Addressing excess risk of overdose among recently incarcerated people in the USA: Harm reduction interventions in correctional settings	Addressing excess risk of overdose among recently incarcerated people in the USA: Harm reduction interventions in correctional settings	IJOPH	Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, David Cloud, Nickolas Zaller, Ayesha Delaney-Brumsey, Leah Pope, Sarah Martino, Benjamin Bouvier, Josiah Rich	This paper discussed programs to lower the chance of overdose among people who have been recently incarcerated. The authors suggested improvements to overdose and naloxone education, Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) programs, and tools to assess risk for overdose.
2014	https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0017896914550321	Development of an incarceration-specific overdose prevention video: Staying Alive on the Outside	Development of an incarceration-specific overdose prevention video: Staying Alive on the Outside	Health Education Journal	Traci Green, Sarah Bowman, Madeline Ray, Michelle McKenzie, Josiah Rich	This study was a systematic review of the content and theory behind overdose education videos. The results led to the creation of an educational video for prisoners in Rhode Island about overdose risk post-release, led by peer educators, entitled "Staying Alive on the Outside". The intervention was tested for effectiveness at multiple locations.
2014	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871614002762	Feasibility of prison-based overdose prevention education and prescribed naloxone at release	Feasibility of prison-based overdose prevention education and prescribed naloxone at release	Health Education Journal	Traci Green, Sarah Bowman, Madeline Ray, Michelle McKenzie, Josiah Rich	This study assessed the effectiveness of an overdose recognition and response training video in a Rhode Island prison. The released inmates, one month later, had to show their new skills by acting out an overdose simulation. The study participants were successful in the one-month testing, suggesting that the prison setting may be a useful location for naloxone training.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28735037	Injection drug use and overdose among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Injection drug use and overdose among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Addiction	Elliott Liebling, Traci Green, Scott Hadland, Brandon Marshall	In this study, the authors found that 59 of the 199 young adults surveyed, who used prescription opioids not prescribed by their doctor, had injected drugs at some point in their lifetime. The authors discussed the importance of teaching overdose education and naloxone administration to people who injected prescription opioids.
2015	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26028120	Methadone continuation versus forced withdrawal on incarceration in a combined US prison and jail: a randomized, open-label trial	Methadone continuation versus forced withdrawal on incarceration in a combined US prison and jail: a randomized, open-label trial	Lancet	Josiah Rich, Michelle McKenzie, Sarah Larney, John Wong, Liem Tran, Jennifer CLarke, Amanda Noska, Manasa Reddy, Nickolas Zaller	This study wanted to determine if methadone treatment in prison was helpful for continuing treatment outside of prison and possibly help lower the chance of overdose. The results found that people who were able to continue methadone treatment when they entered jail or prison doubled their chance of maintaining their treatment when released, as compared to those who were forced to stop their methadone treatment.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29450443	Post-incarceration fatal overdoses after implementing medications for addiction treatment in a statewide correctional system	Post-incarceration fatal overdoses after implementing medications for addiction treatment in a statewide correctional system	JAMA Psychiatry	Traci Green, Jennifer Clarke, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein	This study assessed whether a program offering Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) to people leaving the Rhode Island Department of Corrections would be useful in lowering overdose rates after release from prison. From 2016 to 2017, the number of overdoses from released inmates dropped by more than half. This study suggests that offering MOUD upon release from jail or prison may be a useful strategy in lowering risk for overdose post-release.
2016	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28051839	Social context and perspectives of non-medical prescription opioid use among young adults in Rhode Island: A qualitative study	Social context and perspectives of non-medical prescription opioid use among young adults in Rhode Island: A qualitative study	Addiction	Jesse Yedinak, Elizabeth Kinnard, Scott Hadland, Traci Green, Melissa Clark, Brandon Marshall	The authors of this study interviewed young adults in Rhode Island who used prescription opioids non-medically. This study discussed drug use norms such as using multiple drugs in social settings, and risk factors for overdose among young adults.
2018	https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1054&context=ner	Using data to guide and evaluate responses to the opioid crisis: Rhode Island's drug overdose dashboard	Using data to guide and evaluate responses to the opioid crisis: Rhode Island's drug overdose dashboard	National Network of Libraries of Medicine New England Region	Brandon Marshall	This webinar script discussed the development and use of the PreventOverdoseRI.org data dashboard, methods for analyzing overdose surveillance data, and approaches to improving transparency and data sharing.
2020	https://www.bostonfed.org/publications/new-england-public-policy-center-research-report/2020/medication-assisted-treatment-for-opioid-use-disorder-in-rhode-island.aspx	Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) in Rhode Island: Who Gets Treatment, and Does Treatment Improve Health Outcomes?	Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) in Rhode Island: Who Gets Treatment, and Does Treatment Improve Health Outcomes?	New England Public Policy Center Research Reports	Mary A Burke, Riley Sullivan	This study found that MOUD in Rhode Island reduced overdose risk and repeat overdoses. It also found that despite increased buprenorphine uptake, disparities in access to MOUD remain.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28340233	Increase in drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl—Rhode Island, January 2012–March 2014	Increase in drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl—Rhode Island, January 2012–March 2014	Pain Medicine	Melissa Mercardo, Steven Sumner, M Bridget Spelke, Michele Bohm, David Sugarman, Christina Stanley	This study described fentanyl-involved overdose deaths and recommended checking substance use history before prescribing opioids.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31743335/	Defining a recovery-oriented cascade of care for opioid use disorder: A community-driven, statewide cross-sectional assessment	Defining a recovery-oriented cascade of care for opioid use disorder: A community-driven, statewide cross-sectional assessment	PLOS Medicine	Jesse L Yedinak, William C Goedel, Kimberly Paull, Rebecca Lebeau, Maxwell S Krieger, Cheyenne Thompson, Ashley L Buchanan, Tom Coderre, Rebecca Boss, Josiah D Rich, Brandon D L Marshall	This paper defined five stages in a recovery-oriented cascade of care for opioid use disorder and estimated the at-risk population for MOUD in Rhode Island.
2016	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26383533	Use of Naloxone by emergency medical services during opioid drug overdose resuscitation efforts	Use of Naloxone by emergency medical services during opioid drug overdose resuscitation efforts	Prehospital Emergency Care	Steven Allen Summer, Melissa Mercado-Crespo, M Bridget Spelke, Leonard Paulozzi, David Sugerman, Susan Hills, Christina Stanley	This study found EMS naloxone use varied by age and gender and suggested more overdose recognition training is needed.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32441640/	Rx for Addiction and Medication Safety (RAMS-PEER): Evaluation of an Education and Peer Program on Opioid Misuse	Rx for Addiction and Medication Safety (RAMS-PEER): Evaluation of an Education and Peer Program on Opioid Misuse	Preventing Chronic Diseases	Tianyu Sun, Ashley L Buchanan, Jeffrey P Bratberg, Emily Patry, Kelly L Matson	This paper looks at the Rx for Addiction and Medication Safety (RAMS-PEER) program, an educational program for high schools in Rhode Island about opioid misuse, overdose, and recovery, and its effectiveness in opioid overdose education. The authors found some improvement in knowledge of opioid misuse, but note that these results can only be maintained through continued education.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31279770/	Post-release treatment uptake among participants of the Rhode Island Department of Corrections comprehensive Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) program	Post-release treatment uptake among participants of the Rhode Island Department of Corrections comprehensive Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) program	Preventive Medicine	Rosemarie A Martin, Shelley A Gresko, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, L A R Stein, Jennifer G Clarke	Surveyed formerly incarcerated individuals in RI. Most were able to access MOUD post-release, but identified factors that could support or hinder treatment continuation.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36891978/	Prior Emergency Medical Services Utilization Among People Who Had an Accidental Opioid-Involved Fatal Drug Overdose-Rhode Island, 2018-2020	Prior Emergency Medical Services Utilization Among People Who Had an Accidental Opioid-Involved Fatal Drug Overdose-Rhode Island, 2018-2020	Public Health Reports	Kailai Duan, Laura C. Chambers, Melissa Basta, Rachel P. Scagos, Carolina Roberts-Santana, Benjamin D. Hallowell	Examined EMS utilization among people with accidental opioid-involved fatal overdoses in RI. Decreased EMS use during COVID-19 was not a driver of increased fatalities. Half had EMS runs in the 2 years prior, highlighting emergency care as an opportunity for intervention.
2021	https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00333549211018989	Using Emergency Medical Services Data to Monitor Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in Real Time: Development, Validation, and Use of a Case Definition, Rhode Island, 2018	Using Emergency Medical Services Data to Monitor Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in Real Time: Development, Validation, and Use of a Case Definition, Rhode Island, 2018	Public Health Reports	Benjamin D. Hallowell, Laura C. Chambers, Jason Rhodes, Melissa Basta, Samara Viner-Brown, Leanne Lasher	No case definition exists that allows public health authorities to accurately identify opioid overdoses using emergency medical services (EMS) data. We developed and evaluated a case definition for suspected nonfatal opioid overdoses in EMS data.
2021	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8573786/	Using Emergency Medical Services Data to Monitor Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in Real Time: Development, Validation, and Use of a Case Definition, Rhode Island, 2018	Using Emergency Medical Services Data to Monitor Nonfatal Opioid Overdoses in Real Time: Development, Validation, and Use of a Case Definition, Rhode Island, 2018	Public Health Reports	Benjamin D Hallowell, Laura C Chambers, Jason Rhodes, Melissa Basta, Samara Viner-Brown, Leanne Lasher	This paper demonstrated that a validated EMS-based case definition was effective for identifying and monitoring suspected nonfatal opioid overdoses in real time.
2021	https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00333549211012407	Using Timely Overdose Data to Address a Spike in Nonfatal Overdoses and Inform a Coordinated Community-Level Response in Rhode Island, 2019	Using Timely Overdose Data to Address a Spike in Nonfatal Overdoses and Inform a Coordinated Community-Level Response in Rhode Island, 2019	Public Health Reports	Leanne Lasher, Benjamin D. Hallowell, Laura C. Chambers, Jennifer Koziol, James McDonald, Rachael Elmaleh, Sarah Karim, Samara Viner-Brown	This case study provides an example of how timely opioid overdose data can be effectively used to detect a spike in nonfatal opioid overdoses and inform a strategic, community-level response.
2021	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8573778/	Using Timely Overdose Data to Address a Spike in Nonfatal Overdoses and Inform a Coordinated Community-Level Response in Rhode Island, 2019	Using Timely Overdose Data to Address a Spike in Nonfatal Overdoses and Inform a Coordinated Community-Level Response in Rhode Island, 2019	Public Health Reports	Leanne Lasher, Benjamin D Hallowell, Laura C Chambers, Jennifer Koziol, James McDonald, Rachael Elmaleh, Sarah Karim, Samara Viner-Brown	This case study showed how real-time EMS overdose data identified a sharp increase in nonfatal overdoses and enabled rapid community-level intervention.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31983625/	Pharmacy leaders' beliefs about how pharmacies can support a sustainable approach to providing naloxone to the community	Pharmacy leaders' beliefs about how pharmacies can support a sustainable approach to providing naloxone to the community	Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy	Elizabeth Donovan, Jeffrey Bratberg, Janette Baird, Dina Burstein, Patricia Case, Alexander Y Walley, Traci C Green	This survey found pharmacy leaders supported expanded naloxone distribution but cited needs for training and collaboration.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30076091	Rx for addiction and medication safety: An evaluation of teen education for opioid misuse prevention	Rx for addiction and medication safety: An evaluation of teen education for opioid misuse prevention	Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy	Emily Patry, Jeffrey Bratberg, Ashley Buchanan, Andrea Paiva, Sara Balestrieri, Kelly Matson	This study evaluated a 9th-grade opioid misuse prevention curriculum and found it improved student knowledge of overdose response and recovery resources.
2018	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1551741118302870	Rx for addiction and medication safety: An evaluation of teen education for opioid misuse prevention	Rx for addiction and medication safety: An evaluation of teen education for opioid misuse prevention	Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy	Emily Patra, Jeffrey Bratberg, Ashley Buchanan, Andrea Paiva, Sara Balestrieri, Kelly Matson	Assessed a substance use curriculum for RI 9th graders on OUD prevention, overdose response, and recovery. Found significant prevalence of NMUPO and improved student knowledge/confidence.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33261239/	Accidental Drug Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island: January 1, 2016–July 31, 2020	Accidental Drug Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island: January 1, 2016–July 31, 2020	Rhode Island Journal of Medicine	Benjamin D Hallowell, Heidi R Weidele, Rachel P Scagos	This paper summarized overdose deaths through mid-2020 and found increased deaths compared to 2019 with demographic trends similar to national patterns.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33003681/	Concurrent Utilization of Prescription Opioids and Non-opioid Controlled Substances: Rhode Island Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, 2018	Concurrent Utilization of Prescription Opioids and Non-opioid Controlled Substances: Rhode Island Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, 2018	Rhode Island Journal of Medicine	Eric P Borrelli, Blake Morphis, Rouba Youssef, Laura C Chambers, Benjamin D Hallowell, Jeffrey Bratberg, Stephen J Kogut	This cross-sectional study estimated concurrent use of opioids with other controlled substances in Rhode Island and highlighted risks of controlled substance polypharmacy.
2019	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31398964/	Impact of State Regulations on Initial Opioid Prescribing Behavior in Rhode Island	Impact of State Regulations on Initial Opioid Prescribing Behavior in Rhode Island	Rhode Island Journal of Medicine	Luke Barre, Brant Oliver, Nicole Alexander-Scott, Meghan McCormick, Rachael Elmaleh, James V McDonald	This analysis of PDMP data found that updated Rhode Island regulations significantly reduced unsafe opioid prescribing doses.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32013306/	Mapping the Opioid Epidemic in Rhode Island: Where Are We Missing Resources?	Mapping the Opioid Epidemic in Rhode Island: Where Are We Missing Resources?	Rhode Island Journal of Medicine	Rachel Schneider, Lynn Carlson, Samantha Rosenthal	This spatial GIS-based analysis identified Rhode Island towns needing additional opioid response and rehabilitation resources.
2017	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28375414/	Proceedings from Bridging Health Disparities to Address the Opioid Epidemic: A Symposium at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University	Proceedings from Bridging Health Disparities to Address the Opioid Epidemic: A Symposium at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University	Rhode Island Journal of Medicine	Luba Dumenco, Kristina Monteiro, Michael Mello, Sally Collins, Don Operario, Karen Scanlan, Richard Dollase, Paul George	This paper discussed a symposium held by the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, "Bridging Health Disparities to Address the Opioid Epidemic". The authors analyzed feedback from participants at the symposium to identify gaps in healthcare provider knowledge and assist in further interventions to combat the opioid epidemic.
2019	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2019/10/2019-10-46-health-scagos.pdf	Accidental or Undetermined Opioid-Involved Drug Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island and Usual Occupation - Higher Rates Observed in Natural Resources, Construction, and Maintenance Occupations	Accidental or Undetermined Opioid-Involved Drug Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island and Usual Occupation - Higher Rates Observed in Natural Resources, Construction, and Maintenance Occupations	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Rachel P Scagos, Leanne Lasher, Samara Viner-Brown	Analyzed opioid overdose deaths by occupation in RI. Found highest rates among natural resources, construction, and maintenance workers.
2013	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2013/11/2013-11-33-opioid-mcdonald.pdf	Appropriate prescribing of opiates as professional conduct	Appropriate prescribing of opiates as professional conduct	Rhode Island Medical Journal	James McDonald	This paper described Rhode Island’s professional standards for opioid prescribing aimed at increasing responsible clinical practice.
2024	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38536138/	Bystander Presence and Response During Accidental and Undetermined Drug Overdose Deaths: Rhode Island, January 1, 2016-December 31, 2021	Bystander Presence and Response During Accidental and Undetermined Drug Overdose Deaths: Rhode Island, January 1, 2016-December 31, 2021	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Justina Omari, Heidi R Weidele, Benjamin D Hallowell	This analysis found about half of overdose deaths had bystanders present, with non-response commonly due to separation, unrecognized overdose signs, or unawareness of drug use.
2023	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2023/02/2023-02-42-contribution-thorndike.pdf	Calls of Despair: An EMS Perspective on Suicide and Overdose in Rhode Island during COVID-19	Calls of Despair: An EMS Perspective on Suicide and Overdose in Rhode Island during COVID-19	Rhode Island Medical Journal	James L Thorndike, Carolina Roberts-Santana, Jason Rhodes, Kenneth A Williams	This study found suicide and overdose 911 calls decreased early in COVID-19 despite rising death rates.
2023	https://www.rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2023/11/2023-11-60-health-ledingham.pdf	Deaths Involving Fully Alcohol-Attributable Chronic Conditions in Rhode Island: 2018–2020	Deaths Involving Fully Alcohol-Attributable Chronic Conditions in Rhode Island: 2018–2020	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Emily Ledgingham, Kristen ST. John, Benjamin Hallowell	Reported alcohol-attributable deaths in RI from 2018–2020. 3.5% of deaths were alcohol-related; older males had slightly higher burden.
2017	https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fc4e/0d1aa0639ffb92f93a03e240839266b77e62.pdf	Development and use of a new opioid overdose surveillance system, 2016	Development and use of a new opioid overdose surveillance system, 2016	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Meghan McCormick, Jennifer Koziol, Kelly Sanchez	This paper described the opioid overdose reporting system developed after emergency regulations requiring hospitals to report overdoses within 48 hours, enabling near real-time overdose surveillance.
2023	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2023/03/2023-03-27-contribution-paiva.pdf	Dispensed Opioid, Buprenorphine, Benzodiazepine, and Stimulant Prescriptions among Rhode Island Residents, 2017-2021	Dispensed Opioid, Buprenorphine, Benzodiazepine, and Stimulant Prescriptions among Rhode Island Residents, 2017-2021	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Taylor J Paiva, Adam Z Nitenson, Dana Antinozzi, Collette Onyejekwe, James V McDonald, Benjamin D Hallowell	This report examines the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). The aim is to understand the prescribing trends in Rhode Island during a five-year period. The results did not show a change in the demographics of those being prescribed these medications. There was a decline in the prescription rates examined in the PDMP.
2022	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2022/08/2022-08-46-contribution-cartus.pdf	Divergence Between Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Fatal Overdose Burden: A Population-Based Statewide Study	Divergence Between Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Fatal Overdose Burden: A Population-Based Statewide Study	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Abigail R Cartus, William C Goedel, Benjamin D Hallowell, Bennett Allen, Claire Pratty, Arrianna M Planey, Jennifer Ahern, Magdalena Cerdá, Brandon D L Marshall	Retrospective study showing fatal overdose rates higher in less White, more Hispanic, and poorer RI neighborhoods. Highlights divergence between individual- and neighborhood-level risk.
2014	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25271659/	Emergency department naloxone distribution: a Rhode Island department of health, recovery community, and emergency department partnership to reduce opioid overdose deaths	Emergency department naloxone distribution: a Rhode Island department of health, recovery community, and emergency department partnership to reduce opioid overdose deaths	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Elizabeth Samuels	Describes ED-based naloxone distribution and peer recovery coaching program in RI starting August 2014. Patients received take-home naloxone, training, and optional peer recovery coaching.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36848541/	Evaluation of a Statewide Policy to Improve Post-Overdose Care in Emergency Departments and Subsequent Treatment Engagement	Evaluation of a Statewide Policy to Improve Post-Overdose Care in Emergency Departments and Subsequent Treatment Engagement	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Laura C Chambers, Benjamin D Hallowell, Elizabeth A Samuels, Mackenzie Daly, Janette Baird, Francesca L Beaudoin	Evaluated statewide post-overdose ED care policy. Post-policy, ED visits more often included buprenorphine initiation, take-home naloxone, and referral to treatment. Policy improved some services, but further strategies are needed for treatment engagement.
2023	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2023/10/2023-10-53-health-brown.pdf	Evaluation of Racial and Ethnic Disparities of Naloxone Uptake among Harm Reduction Clients in Rhode Island	Evaluation of Racial and Ethnic Disparities of Naloxone Uptake among Harm Reduction Clients in Rhode Island	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Erin Brown, Sarah Ogundare, Katharine Howe, Sarah Edwards, Nya Reichley, Stacey Levin, Dennis Bailer, Raynald Joseph	This analysis found Black, Hispanic, and other non-White harm reduction clients were less likely than White clients to receive naloxone.
2023	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2023/07/2023-07-52-health-paiva.pdf	Increased Stimulant Prescribing Following the COVID-19 Pandemic –Rhode Island, 2017–2021	Increased Stimulant Prescribing Following the COVID-19 Pandemic –Rhode Island, 2017–2021	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Taylor J Paiva, Kristen St John, Rachel S Wightman, Adam Z Nitenson, Collette Onyejekwe, Benjamin D Hallowell	Analyzed RI stimulant prescription data. Found increased prescriptions during COVID-19, but proportion of patients under 65 remained unchanged.
2017	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2017/07/2017-07-30-cont-mcdonald.pdf	Practical considerations for prescribing benzodiazepines and opioids	Practical considerations for prescribing benzodiazepines and opioids	Rhode Island Medical Journal	James McDonald, Victoria Ayers, Jackie Pacquin	This paper discussed risks associated with co-prescribing opioids and benzodiazepines and provided guidance to reduce overdose risk through avoidance, tapering, and close monitoring.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36989103/	Preliminary findings from the Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System: January 2021-December 2022	Preliminary findings from the Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System: January 2021-December 2022	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Emily M Ledingham, Michelle McKenzie, Haley McKee, Kristen St John, McClaren Rodriguez, Nya Reichley, Benjamin D Hallowell	This descriptive analysis of the Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System found high peer naloxone use, many overdoses without medical attendance, and underutilization of harm reduction practices, supporting expanded prevention and policy efforts.
2024	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38285755/	Prescription Drug Exposure Among Pregnant Individuals in Rhode Island, 2019-2022	Prescription Drug Exposure Among Pregnant Individuals in Rhode Island, 2019-2022	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Taylor J Paiva, Margo Katz, William Arias, Kristen ST. John	This paper reported decreasing proportions of births involving opioid analgesic, benzodiazepine, and buprenorphine prescriptions among pregnant individuals since 2019.
2021	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2021/10/2021-10-47-health-shin.pdf	Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Accidental Drug Overdose Deaths – Rhode Island, 2016–2020	Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Accidental Drug Overdose Deaths – Rhode Island, 2016–2020	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Jaejoon Shin, MPH; Benjamin D. Hallowell, PhD; Rachel P. Scagos, MPH	Nationally, provisional demographics data shows that drug overdose deaths in 2020 increased across all age and race/ethnicity groups when compared to 2019. The largest percent increases were among younger populations and several racial and ethnic communities. The study examined Rhode Island deaths from 2016 to 2020 to identify disparities and substance patterns contributing to fatal overdoses.
2018	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2018/02/2018-02-33-health-jiang.pdf	Rhode Island unintentional drug overdose death trends and ranking- office of the state medical examiners database	Rhode Island unintentional drug overdose death trends and ranking- office of the state medical examiners database	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Yongwen Jiang, James McDonald, Maria Lena Wilson, Jennifer Koziol, Ariel Goldschmidt, Ewa King, Samara Viner-Brown, Sandra Powell, Nicole Alexander-Scott	This paper described patterns of accidental overdoses in Rhode Island from 2009–2016 and compared Rhode Island overdose trends to other New England states. It discussed the likelihood of increasing overdose deaths without effective prevention interventions.
2014	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25271658	The Rhode Island community responds to opioid overdose deaths	The Rhode Island community responds to opioid overdose deaths	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Sarah Bowman, Ariel Engelman, Jennifer Koziol, Linda Mahoney, Christopher Maxwell, Michelle McKenzie	This article described Rhode Island’s early coordinated response to the overdose crisis, focusing on naloxone access expansion and improvements in treatment and recovery services.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35349621/	Trends and Risk Factors for Overlapping Stimulant and Opioid Prescriptions - Rhode Island.	Trends and Risk Factors for Overlapping Stimulant and Opioid Prescriptions - Rhode Island.	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Adam Z Nitenson, Benjamin D Hallowell, James McDonald	This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Rhode Island Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). While stimulant prescribing remained relatively constant, the percent of individuals with an overlapping opioid prescription declined. Individuals prescribed overlapping stimulant/opioid prescriptions differed significantly depending on age, sex, payment method, type of stimulant prescribed, and prescriber type. Among residents who were dispensed at least one stimulant prescription, individuals who were older, female, and on Medicare insurance were more likely to have an overlapping stimulant/opioid prescription. The PDMP can be used to identify trends and risk factors regarding prescribing patterns, which can inform future health policy and practice.
2023	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2023/08/2023-08-44-contribution-nitenson.pdf	Trends in Initiate Pediatric Opioid Prescriptions in Rhode Island: 2017–2021	Trends in Initiate Pediatric Opioid Prescriptions in Rhode Island: 2017–2021	Rhode Island Medical Journal	Adam Z Nitenson, Taylor J Paiva, Collette Onyejekwe, Benjamin D Hallowell	This paper analyzes trends in the dispensing of pediatric opioids in Rhode Island. The data for this paper came from the state's Prescription Drug Monitoring Program. During this time, a decrease was observed in the number of pediatric opioids being initiated and dispensed. Yet, there is further need to decrease prescriptions in this area.
2014	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2014/06/2014-06-64-health-pmp.pdf	Using the Rhode Island Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP)	Using the Rhode Island Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP)	Rhode Island Medical Journal	James McDonald	This paper outlined guidelines for prescribers on using the Prescription Monitoring Program to monitor opioid prescribing and improve patient safety.
2023	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2023/09/2023-09-42-health-weidele.pdf	Accidental Drug Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island: January 1, 2016-December 31, 2022	Accidental Drug Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island: January 1, 2016-December 31, 2022	RI Medical Journal	Weidele HR, Omari J, Rodriguez M, Hallowell BD	Reports overdose deaths in RI from 2016–2022. Opioids/fentanyl remain leading causes. Black individuals had highest burden; Hispanic/Latino rates doubled from 2021–2022.
2022	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2022/02/2022-02-46-health-barkley.pdf	Analysis of Intentional and Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths Occurring in Rhode Island, 2016-2019	Analysis of Intentional and Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths Occurring in Rhode Island, 2016-2019	RI Medical Journal	Jonathan Barkley, Jaejoon Shin	This paper compared intentional and unintentional overdose reporting systems and identified higher-risk demographic and occupational groups.
2022	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2022/12/2022-12-64-health-weidele.pdf	Fentanyl and Fentanyl Analogs Detected Among Unintentional Opioid Involved Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island: January 2019-December 2021	Fentanyl and Fentanyl Analogs Detected Among Unintentional Opioid Involved Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island: January 2019-December 2021	RI Medical Journal	Heidi R Weidele, Rachel Wightman, Kristen St John, Louis Marchetti, Jeffrey Bratberg, Benjamin D Hallowell	This paper found fentanyl or analogs were present in the majority of unintentional opioid overdose deaths in 2021 based on state surveillance data.
2022	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2022/09/2022-09-67-health-stjohn.pdf	Naloxone Recipients in Rhode Island, January 2019–March 2022	Naloxone Recipients in Rhode Island, January 2019–March 2022	RI Medical Journal	Kristen St John, Christina Hom, Heidi Weidele	This paper described naloxone recipients in Rhode Island and found distribution increasingly involved community agencies but often did not sufficiently target individuals at highest risk of fatal overdose.
2022	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2022/04/2022-04-61-health-brown.pdf	Snapshot of Harm Reduction in Rhode Island (February 2021–January 2022)	Snapshot of Harm Reduction in Rhode Island (February 2021–January 2022)	RI Medical Journal	Erin Brown, Sarah Biester, Cathy Schultz, Sarah Edwards, Annajane Yolken, Dennis Bailer, Raynald Joseph, Katharine Howe	This paper described harm reduction service utilization in Rhode Island and found persistent racial disparities, with rising fatal overdose rates among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations.
2022	https://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal/2022/04/2022-04-24-ethics-braun.pdf	Towards an Improved Substance Use Disorder Treatment Landscape in Rhode Island - Barriers, Current Progress, and Next Steps	Towards an Improved Substance Use Disorder Treatment Landscape in Rhode Island - Barriers, Current Progress, and Next Steps	RI Medical Journal	Hannan M Braun, Juliette A Holtzman, Caroline Wunsch, Seth A Clark	Discusses barriers to SUD treatment, progress so far, and future steps to improve access in Rhode Island.
2020	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32186478/	Pharmacy on-site overdose protocols and prevention of overdose	Pharmacy on-site overdose protocols and prevention of overdose	Substance Abuse	Traci C Green, Ayorinde Soipe, Brianna Baloy, Dina Burstein, Ziming Xuan, Abigail Tapper, Alexander Y Walley, Patricia Case, Jeffrey Bratberg, Janette Baird	This study found pharmacists with stronger knowledge of on-site overdose protocols were more likely to offer naloxone.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29432081/	Retention of student pharmacists' knowledge and skills regarding overdose management with naloxone	Retention of student pharmacists' knowledge and skills regarding overdose management with naloxone	Substance Abuse	Anita N Jacobson, Jeffrey P Bratberg, Miranda Monk, John Ferrentino	This study found adding skills-based clinical exams to naloxone training did not significantly improve long-term knowledge retention over lectures alone.
2016	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27894311/	Access to substance use treatment among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Access to substance use treatment among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically	Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy	Elliott Liebling, Jesse Yedinak, Traci Green, Scott Hadland, Melissa Clark, Brandon Marshall	Examined treatment access for young adults using prescription opioids non-medically in RI. Treatment was harder to access for those who had overdosed or been incarcerated.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37129006/	Benzodiazepine Dose Intensity among Patients Concurrently Prescribed Buprenorphine in Rhode Island.	Benzodiazepine Dose Intensity among Patients Concurrently Prescribed Buprenorphine in Rhode Island.	Substance Use & Misuse	Eric P. Borrelli, Jeffrey Bratberg, Benjamin D. Hallowell & Stephen J. Kogut	The use of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines has been linked to patient fatalities, with greater risk occurring with higher doses of benzodiazepines. This study was a cross-sectional analysis used to assess benzodiazepine dose intensity among patients who were concurrently prescribed buprenorphine, as compared with patients prescribed benzodiazepines who were not receiving buprenorphine. Compared to patients prescribed benzodiazepines who were not receiving buprenorphine, patients concurrently utilizing benzodiazepines and buprenorphine had more than twice the odds of higher dose benzodiazepine utilization. Future studies are needed to assess the relationship between benzodiazepine dose intensity, overdose outcomes, and treatment retention among patients receiving buprenorphine.
2023	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37170622/	Receipt of Prescription Psychostimulants and Stimulant-Involved Fatal Overdose: A Population Based Case-Control Study	Receipt of Prescription Psychostimulants and Stimulant-Involved Fatal Overdose: A Population Based Case-Control Study	Substance Use & Misuse	Alexandria Macmadu, Alexandra J. Banks, Benjamin D. Hallowell, Rachel P. Scagos, Scott E. Hadland, Laura C. Chambers, Brandon D. L. Marshall	Population-based case-control study in RI linking past-year prescription psychostimulant receipt to fatal psychostimulant-involved overdose. Suggests expanding harm reduction for patients receiving stimulant prescriptions.
2024	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38124349/	I Don’t Go Overboard: Perceptions of Overdose Risk and Risk Reduction Strategies among People Who Use Drugs in Rhode Island	I Don’t Go Overboard: Perceptions of Overdose Risk and Risk Reduction Strategies among People Who Use Drugs in Rhode Island	Substance Use and Misuse	Alexandra B Collins, Eliana Kaplowitz, Parsa Bastani, Haley McKee, Delaney Whitaker, Benjamin D Hallowell, Michelle McKenzie	This qualitative study found people using harm reduction services were concerned about overdose risk, preferred self-managed strategies, and needed stronger community-level interventions.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36305842/	Controlled Substance Prescription History among Individuals Who Died of an Accidental Opioid-Involved Drug Overdose in Rhode Island	Controlled Substance Prescription History among Individuals Who Died of an Accidental Opioid-Involved Drug Overdose in Rhode Island	Substance Use and Misuse	Thomas F Siegert, Laura C Chambers, Heidi Weidele, Rachel Scagos, James McDonald, Collette Onyejekwe, Benjamin D Hallowell	This paper compared opioid-involved overdose deaths over time and found increasing deaths without significant changes in demographic characteristics or prescription histories.
2018	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29364768/	The Effectiveness of Internet- and Field-Based Methods to Recruit Young Adults Who Use Prescription Opioids Nonmedically	The Effectiveness of Internet- and Field-Based Methods to Recruit Young Adults Who Use Prescription Opioids Nonmedically	Substance Use and Misuse	Brandon D L Marshall, Traci C Green, Beth Elston, Jesse L Yedinak, Scott E Hadland, Melissa A Clark	This paper analyzes recruitment efforts for young adults who use opioids non medically via the Rhode Island Young Adult Prescription Drug Study (RAPiDS), and found that demographics via internet recruitment skewed younger and in more rural areas, while those from the field were more likely homeless/formerly incarcerated/use opioids daily.
2024	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38245914/	Characterizing opioid overdose hotspots for place-based overdose prevention and treatment interventions: a geo-spatial analysis of Rhode Island, USA.	Characterizing opioid overdose hotspots for place-based overdose prevention and treatment interventions: a geo-spatial analysis of Rhode Island, USA.	The International Journal on Drug Policy	Elizabeth A Samuels, William C Goedel, Victoria Jent, Lauren Conkey, Benjamin D Hallowell, Sarah Karim, Jennifer Koziol, Sara Becker, Rachel R Yorlets, Roland Merchant, Lee Ann Jordison Keeler, Neha Reddy, James McDonald, Nicole Alexander-Scott, Magdalena Cerda, Brandon D L Marshall	This randomized controlled trial in Rhode Island aimed to understand the association between having chronic illness, hospitalization for mental illness and SUD treatment engagement. An analysis was conducted on Rhode Island emergency department patients who are at high risk of opioid overdose. Those with prior ED visits for mental illness, but not chronic pain, are more likely to engage in treatment following their ED visits.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35816791/	Drug use behaviors, trauma, and emotional affect following the overdose of a social network member: A qualitative investigation	Drug use behaviors, trauma, and emotional affect following the overdose of a social network member: A qualitative investigation	The International Journal on Drug Policy	Alexandria Macmadu, Lisa Frueh, Alexandra B Collins, Roxxanne Newman, Nancy P Barnett, Josiah D Rich, Melissa A Clark, Brandon D L Marshall	Examined effects on individuals after someone in their network overdosed. Highlights need for bereavement support and mental health services for drug users.
2022	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35973341/	The estimated costs and benefits of a hypothetical supervised consumption site in Providence, Rhode Island	The estimated costs and benefits of a hypothetical supervised consumption site in Providence, Rhode Island	The International Journal on Drug Policy	Providence, Rhode Island, Laura C Chambers, Benjamin D Hallowell, Xiao Zang, David M Rind, Greg F Guzauskas, Ryan N Hansen, Nathaniel Fuchs, Rachel P Scagos, Brandon D L Marshall	This paper analyzes the cost and benefits that a supervised consumption site would bring to Providence, Rhode Island. This analysis could prevent 2 overdose deaths, 261 ambulance runs, 244 ED visits, and 117 inpatient hospitalizations for emergency overdose care annually, and save $1,104,454 annually compared to the current harm reduction programs in place in the state.
Year	URL	Title Text	Link to Article or PDF Download	Journal Name	Authors	Synopsis

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To qualify for this page, we used the following criteria:

The studies were included in the online database PubMed or were published by a branch of the state government
The studies occurred in Rhode Island, or the study had a site located in Rhode Island
The studies were relevant to drug-related overdose
The studies were published anytime after 2014

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